Author: Selva Lakshman Murali:

For decades, semiconductor technology followed Moore’s Law and Dennard scaling, enabling exponential growth in computing power. Moore’s Law predicted that the number of transistors on a chip would double every two years, while Dennard scaling suggested that as transistors shrank, their power consumption would remain constant. However, these trends have become difficult to maintain at advanced nodes like 5 nm and below, affecting power, performance, and area (PPA) of silicon products. Performance: Challenges to Moore’s Law Moore’s Law, which predicted a doubling of transistor density every two years, has been the driving force behind increasing semiconductor performance. Smaller transistors allowed…